Estimated read time 2 min read

Argentina, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, and Egypt join the BRICS as new members.

Argentina, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, and Egypt are among the six new BRICS members.

The BRICS nations—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—announced on Thursday that the grouping’s long-anticipated expansion will proceed.

According to South African President Cyril Ramaphosa, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Argentina, and Ethiopia will join BRICS. The six nations are anticipated to join the organization on January 1, 2024.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed the extension of the five-nation bloc, saying that it will strengthen the faith of many nations in a multipolar international order.

In the middle of the 2000s, BRICS was founded by four nations. The first presidents’ summit of the BRICS countries took place in Russia in 2009. South Africa was added to the BRICS in 2010.

This action could pave the way for several interested nations to join a coalition dedicated to advancing the interests of the “Global South.”

During a press conference with the other BRICS presidents, Modi stated, “As I said yesterday, India has always fully supported the expansion of the membership of BRICS.”

Modi congratulated the BRICS nations that have joined, saying, “I am pleased that our teams were able to build agreement on the guiding principles, standards, criteria, and procedures of expansion.”

India and China were said to be at odds over the expansion of the BRICS. According to experts, China was attempting to woo a number of nations that shared its skeptical view of the West.

Prior to the meeting, which is taking place in Johannesburg, South Africa, media sources highlighted Chinese officials who suggested that the BRICS should unite as a group to compete with the G7.

India’s position on enlargement
India pushed for the establishment of policies and processes that would control which nations might join the BRICS, even though it had not blocked the BRICS’ expansion. Over 20 nations have submitted applications to join BRICS, according to South African authorities who spoke before the summit. Rumored names included, among others, Cuba, the Comoros, Bolivia, Algeria, and Indonesia.

 

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No Pakistan in the BRICS
An additional degree of complexity was added to the current events by China’s prior attempt to get Pakistan into the BRICS alliance. China’s justification for this proposal is that it thinks the BRICS coalition should include more members to accommodate more developing countries.

Estimated read time 6 min read

India got the moon in the hand! Chandrayaan-3 made history by touching the lunar surface, looking back at the 40-day journey

India got the moon in the hand! Chandrayaan-3 made history by touching the lunar surface, looking back at the 40-day journey

July 14th exactly 2:35 PM. Chandrayaan-3 took the first step towards making history. The ISRO spacecraft flew to the moon from the launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota. ISRO scientists spent 40 days without food, drink and sleep, day and night. Monitored the movement of Chandrayaan-3.Apamar countrymen were waiting. To witness the moment of making history. Finally the wait is over. Lander Vikram reached the ‘moon house’ floating. On Wednesday evening at 6:04 PM, the moon touched the ground and announced the great presence of Indian science progress.

After the success of Chandrayaan-3, the country is in a festive mood. Common people celebrate India’s success by burning firecrackers. ISRO scientists are overwhelmed with emotions. Congratulatory messages are pouring in from the first world countries for the dazzling success of third world countries.

The entire country was excited about the launch of Chandrayaan. Also seen with landing. These two events will shine in history. How was the journey of Chandrayaan-3? How was the ISRO scientists spending every moment of anxiety? The itinerary of Chandrayaan is available on Anandabazar online page.

After the failure of Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, ISRO’s dream of landing on the moon was shattered. ISRO’s former chairman K Sivan broke down in tears. But ISRO scientists did not give up. Disappointed, ISRO started working on Chandrayaan-3. Learning from the mistakes of the past and starting to prepare to touch the soil of the moon again. The Indian Space Research Organization started a new path with the goal of making history.

In December 2019, ISRO requested an initial allocation of Rs 75 crore from the Center to start this project. Out of which Rs 60 crore is sought to meet advanced equipment and other expenses and the remaining Rs 15 crore is sought for revenue expenditure. ISRO got the money and started working.

Like Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 was not a very expensive mission. At least much less than what America or Russia spend on moon missions. The budget of Chandrayaan-3 was 615 crore rupees.

After three and a half years of tireless work, ISRO announced that Chandrayaan-3 will land on the moon on July 14.

As previously announced, Chandrayaan-3 took off from the launching pad of Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota on July 14. LVM-3 rocket was at the center of ISRO’s Chandrayaan. That powered the spacecraft and pushed it out of Earth’s orbit. LVM-3 is a three-stage launch vehicle. Earlier this LVM-3 was used in several artificial satellites and lunar missions. It is called the ‘Baahubali’ of Indian rockets.

The LVM-3 rocket had two stages of solid fuel and one stage of liquid fuel. Solid fuel burns for 127 seconds. Liquid fuel started burning within 108 seconds of launch. It propels the rocket for 203 seconds.

After that Chandrayaan-3 slowly started moving towards the destination. Overcoming the pull of the earth, it began to cross one orbit after another. Orbit change process is successful.

Chandrayaan 3 made its first orbit of the Earth on July 15. After launch, the rover changed orbit for the second time on July 17, taking another step towards the moon.

After this, Chandrayaan 3 crossed the third, fourth and fifth orbits beyond the limits of Earth’s gravitational force on July 18, July 20 and July 25.

On July 31, Chandrayaan-3 left Earth’s orbit and increased its speed towards the Moon’s orbit. That is, after 17 days of launch, the spaceship left all the pull of the earth.

Chandrayaan-3 entered lunar orbit on August 5. From July 31 to August 5, i.e., the six days between leaving the earth’s orbit and entering the moon’s orbit, the ISRO scientists spent in anxiety.

ISRO scientists were afraid that if Chandrayaan-3 could not reach the moon’s orbit due to a small mistake in the numbers, it would return to earth’s orbit again. But from there there will be no more fuel to send him back to the moon. In that case, Chandrayaan-3 will be considered as a ‘lost mission’ or a failed mission. But it didn’t happen. Chandrayaan-3 entered the orbit of the moon without hesitation.

After that, the spacecraft slowly moved towards the only satellite of the earth. Chandrayaan-3 gradually slows down as it orbits the moon.

From August 5 to August 16, Chandrayaan-3 continued to orbit the moon one by one. Meanwhile, on August 6, Chandrayaan-3 entered the second orbit of the moon from the outer side and took pictures of the destination.

The image clearly shows the canyons on the surface of the moon— Eddington, Pythagoras, Aristarchus, Raman. The picture showed ‘Oceanus progellarum’ on the surface of the moon. Which space scientists also call ‘sea of ​​storms’. This ‘ocean’ is not actually an ocean of water. We see this gorge covered in dark darkness as a ‘moon stain’ from Earth. The image was taken by the Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC) on board Chandrayaan-3.

On August 17, Chandrayaan-3 took another step towards its destination, the Moon. The Vikram lander separated from the main spacecraft. That is, the process of landing on the lunar surface officially began on August 17. The lander slowly began to descend towards the moon with the rover Pragyan on its belly. Initially, Vikram was in an orbit 30 km above the lunar surface.

After this, Vikram began to search for relatively smooth land in the inaccessible trenches of the south pole of the moon. A few days passed to find that land. Meanwhile, Chandrayaan-3 began to take pictures of the lunar surface one after another and send them to ISRO.

The lander Vikram found a suitable landing spot while floating. On August 23, the rover carried Pragyan inside its belly and began a soft landing. ISRO’s ‘Chandrayaan-2’ failed four years ago. But Chandrayaan-3 did not fail.

As per ISRO’s earlier plan, India’s Chandrayaan-3 lander Vikram made history by landing on the lunar surface at 6:40 pm on Wednesday. Cheers, rejoicing, burning stakes across the country. A flood of thousands of posts on social media. ISRO scientists burst into tears again. Long-lasting tears. But this cry is of joy, satisfaction, confidence. He cried in joy of putting India in the ‘best seat in the world assembly’.